Observation can be used to strengthen virtually every
aspect of an early childhood program. Ideas and guidelines such
as those that follow may help practitioners set the stage for success
and overcome some of the difficulties so often associated with observing
in early childhood classrooms.
Prepare to Observe
- Identify a common planning time when the entire staff can
meet.
- Learn a variety of techniques that determine which techniques
would work in particular situations.
Clarify Observational Goals
- Answer the question, "Why do you want to observe?"
- Formulate clear-cut goals as these goals can guide the choice
of a technique, the portioning of time and energy, and decisions
about when and where to focus attention.
- Construct observational tasks that are manageable.
Organize for Success
- Survey the classrooms to determine the best approach to
the task.
- Gather and prepare observation materials beforehand. This
greatly simplifies the task of collecting on-the-spot information.
- Keep records with note cards, portfolios, grids, diagrams,
etc.
Involve the Children
- Let the children keep their own records with materials provided
by the teacher.
Visit Other Classrooms
- Scan the classroom to locate a spot for unobtrusive observation
and routes in and out of the classroom that minimize distraction
to the teacher and children.
- Have your materials ready when you start to observe.
- Learn shorthand or develop a coding system of your own.
This can help you get more information while you observe.
- Arrange a time to meet with the teacher after the children
leave to discuss your visit.
- Transcribe your notes soon after your visit so nothing gets
forgotten.
- Offer a copy of your notes to the teacher.
Ethics and Confidentiality
- All information should be treated as confidential and not
made public or available to anyone without the parents' or
teachers' consent.
- Be cautious about displaying and storing observational records.
Adapted from: Benjamin, A. C. (1994, September). Observations
in early childhood classrooms: Advice from the field.
Young Children, 49, 14-20.
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